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In the Winter War (30.11.1939 – 13.3.1940) started by offensive of former Soviet Union Finland lost part of its eastern territories including important Karelian Isthmus. The new border had no permanent fortifications. The world political situation was still critical. On the other hand The Finnish army had got good fighting experiencies in fortified defence positions in the Winter War.
The
commander in chief of The Finnish army, Marshal C. G. Mannerheim ordered just
after the Winter War truce to build a fortification line along the new eastern
border. The fortification was
consistent from Gulf of Finland to Lake Saimaa. Along forward north the defence
line leant against waterways and east-west roads up to Polar Sea.
The
construction work started on 17.4.1940 at Virolahti Harju area, in the very
place where Salpa-Jukola 2011 is organized. The first workers were voluntaries
from Sweden, over 900 men. Their help was important. They brought suitable
machinery, money and created the effective organisation for the growing
building site.
Help from
Sweden was worth of 10 per cent of all fortification costs.
In the
fortification, called later Salpa-line there were at its highest almost
35 000 men working. 2 000 women worked at supply duties. All the paid
labour were civilians. At the same time Finnish army built field fortifications
made from timber, soil and stones. The building site was the biggest in
Scandinavia.
The work at
Salpa-line was interrupted while the Contuniation War (26.6.1941-5.9.1944)
started. The construction restarted at summer 1944, when the Red Army launched
their gigantic attack to occupy the whole Finland. The effective time of the
building was 18 months. At 1941 the costs of Salpa-line took five per cent of
the state budjet.
There were
made in the Salpa-line 700 reinforced concrete bunkers and about 3 000
different kind of field fortification equipment. Stone antitank obstacles were
done over 200 km, in it about 400 000 single stones, weight at least three
tons of each. Excavation barriers for tanks were dug 130 km, trenches 350 km
and barbed wire obstacles over 300 kilometres.
In the
Salpa-line there were no battles. The fortification has done its duty best,
when it is not needed.